KARTOGRAFIE
ing en verwerking
van diverse bestandsformaten,
waaronder GIS.
LITHOGRAFIE:
Grootformaat films belichten
max. 160x120.
DIGITAAL DRUKKEN:
Füll color, dubbelzijdig.
Variabel en gepersonaliseerd.
Op diverse papiersoorten
tot 250 grams.
PRE-PRESS:
Opmaak en vormgeving.
Illustratief tekenwerk.
Grootformaat scannen
max. 90 cm breed.
Grootformaat plotten
mav 128 cm breed.
KARTOGRAFISCH TIJDSCHRIFT
2000-XXVI-3
Nolan, R.L. (1979), Managing the crisis in data processing.
Harvard Business Review, vol. 57, march-april, pp. 115-126.
Ottens, H.F.L. (1991), Geographical Information Systems in
the Netherlands. Tijdschrifi voor Economische en Sociale Geo-
grafie, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 306-309.
Schölten, H.J. P. Padding (1990), eis in a Policy Envi
ronment. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design
17, pp. 405-416, London.
Schölten, H.J., A.J. LoCashio T. Overduin (1999), To-
wards a spatial Information infrastructure for flood manage-
ment in The Netherlands. In: Visser, J. R. Misdorp (eds),
Specialfeatures in coastal conservation 3, Opulus Press, Uppsa-
la, pp 151-160.
Schölten, H.J. A. LoCashio (1997), GIS Application Re
search: History, Trends and Developments, esf, Geographie
Information Research at the Millenium; gisdata final Con
ference, Le Bischenberg, France, 13-17 September 1997,
pp. 38-51.
Schölten, H.J. J.C.H. Stillwell (1990), Geographical Infor
mation Systems for Urban and Regional Planning. Kluwer Aca-
demic Publishers, Delft.
Schölten, H.J. M. van der Vlught (1990), A review of GIS
applications in Europe, In: Worrall, L. (ed.), GIS; Develop
ments and Applications, pp. 13-41, Belhaven Press, New York.
lan - selon laquelle Involution du SIG peut Hre rfyartie en quatre
phases, l'OPAFIT.com (une abrlvitation composie des initiales
des termes en nlerlandais O organissation P aspects person-
nels A accord sur les Standards F finances 1 - donnbs,
connaissance, information T technologiele '.com' reprhente
ici communication, coordination et ouverture vers la clientHe) et
la maison du SIG.
La premiere phase, celle des pioniers, se passe essentiellement en
Ambique; en Europe, la Suede et la Grande-Bretagne prennent
l'initiative. La premibe contribution nbrlandaise connue se situe
vers 1975, par ailleurs le dlbut de la seconde phase de Involution.
Des recherches ont M entreprises en mutiere du SIG et les auto-
ritb ont Igalement fait des expbiences. Dans la troisilme phase,
partir de 1987, l'utilisation du SIG est de plus en plus Hpandue,
aussi bien par les autorith que les entreprises et des entreprises spi-
cialisbs en la mutiere commencent a etre erbes aux Pays-Bas. La
quatrilmephase (en cours)peut etre appelb 'l'äge adulte'du SIG.
Le modele NOLAN peut etre appliqui aussi pour les entreprises
ouvertes pendant les diffbentes phases de Involution qui vont car-
aetbiser les nouveaux dbeloppements et techniques venir en
matibe de l'informatique geographique.
BÜRO VOOR KARTOCRAFIE ft PRE PRESS
Summary
H.J. Schölten J. Buurman - History and development of GIS
in The Netherlands and Europe
Keywords: history of cartography, gis/lis, survey
Not very much is known about the history of GIS. By means of a
literature search and the authors' own interpretation, based on
personal involvement, an attempt has been made to give an over-
view. Three theoretical concepts are used to place the develop-
ments: the Nolan curve (by which the spread of GIS is divided
into four phases), OPAFIT.com and the GIS house. The firstpha
se, beginning in i960, was that of the pioneers, with the develop-
ments taking place mainly in America. In Europe the first steps in
GIS were made mainly in Sweden and England. For the first
well-known Dutch contribution we have to move to the second
phase, which began around 197p Research on and with GIS was
carried out at severalplaces and government departments also be
gan to experiment. In the third phase, from around 1987, the use
of GIS increased strongly in government and in business, and
Dutch GIS companies were founded. One can say that the fourth
phase is one of maturity. The Nolan model can also be applied to
individual companies starting up at different phases of GIS in ge-
neral. The phase model also applies to new developments and
techniques in the field of geoinformation.
Resume
H.J. Schölten Buurman - Histoire et dbeloppement du SIG
aux Pays-Bas et en Europe
Mots-cles: histoire de cartographie, sig/sit, etude
Ce sujet est peu connu; sur la base des recherches de la litirature
existante et TinterpHtation en donnfo par les auteurs, suite aux
contacts et intbets personnels, un essai est fait d'en präsenter un
aper^u en faisant appel trois concepts theoriques: la courbe No-
Platlnastraat 31-33
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