- the need of more decentralized decision-making, of a
more important role in decision-making for the parties
concerned and of a better legal protection of their
rights.
The planning procedure for each project under the rural
land development bill consists of two phases. In the first
phase a more or less abstract plan (programme) is drawn
up and in the second phase a more detailed plan is made.
Both, the program and the more detailed plan, have to be
confirmed by the regional government. Program and
plan have to be in accordance with physical planning on
the regional level. The decision about whether to carry
out a project or not is taken after the program-phase.
The bill contains the rules and procedures for four types
of rural land development:
- Reconstruction, which can be used in rural areas with to
a large extent non-agrarian purposes. The decision to
carry out a project has to be taken by the regional
government. Reconstruction needs not to include re
allocation or may include re-allocation only in a part of
the reconstruction-area. Within this type of rural land
development the expropriation of land in accordance
with the public interest is allowed. If re-allocation takes
place, 3 per cent (maximum) of the area, that under
goes re-allocation, can be used for the construction of
roads and watercourses and provisions which are con
nected to them.
- Land consolidation for areas with mainly an agrarian
purpose. The decision to carry out a land-consolidation
project has to be taken by the owners and tenants by
means of voting. To a maximum of 5 per cent of the land
can be used for the construction of roads and water
courses and provisions that are connected to them, for
provisions which are in the interest of nature and land
scape and for other provisions which are in the public
interest. Land-consolidation always includes re-alloca
tion in the entire land-consolidation-area.
-Adaptive land development, which combines rural
land development with the realization of an important
infrastructural object (for instance a motorway). The
decision about the execution of a project has to betaken
by the regional government. To a maximum of 3 per
cent of the area can be used for the construction of
roads and watercourses and the provisions that are
connected to them and for provisions in the interest of
nature, landscape and open-air recreation. This type of
rural land development includes re-allocation of the
land.
- Land-consolidation by agreement, the well-known
simple instrumentto improve the agricultural situation
for a limited number of farmers.
Reconstruction and land-consolidation are the most im
portant types of rural land development and the gradual
planning process applies only to these types. The proce
dure of these types consists of the following steps:
- application for rural land development;
- placing a project on the national planning scheme for
rural land development and appointment of a local
committee;
-drawing up of the project-program (more or less ab
stract planning) and decision-making;
- detailed planning;
- execution of the plan.
The re-allocation takes place in the execution-step. The
re-allocation procedure includes:
NGT GEODESIA 82
-valuation of the parcel and investigation of the rights
and the rightholders;
fixation of the plan of the boundaries of the roads,
watercourses and non-agricultural provisions;
- investigation of the wishes of the parties concerned
with respect to the re-allocation plan;
drawing up of the re-allocation plan and the re-alloca-
tion deed;
- financial arrangements.
To carry out a project and particularly the re-allocation
process successfully it is very important for the local
committee to have several hectares of land at its dispo
sal. This land is usually provided by a special foundation
supported by the government that buys the land from
farmers who stop farming. This land can be used to
facilitate the parcelling by making it possible to project
the new parcel boundaries along existing topographic
lines. Some of this land can also be used to compensate
forthe proportional part of the land that each ownerand
tenant, according to the projectplan, has to cede in the
interest of new roads and watercourses, landscapebuild
ing and conservation of nature. It is customary that some
of this land is used for the realization of landscape-build
ing within the framework of the re-allocation plan.
Technical aspects
To facilitate the drawing up of the re-allocation plan the
Cadastre (ir. R. van der Schans) has developed an auto
mated system, which is called the ATOR-system (ATOR
stands for automation of the design of a re-allocation
plan for land-consolidation). By this system the admini
strative and arithmetical operations in the initial phase of
the re-allocation processaretoa large extent automated.
As it is not a fully automated system, it meets in a
reasonable way the need to consider the characteristic
data of the individual farmings during the re-allocation
process.
In brief: the system delivers the sizes of the new parcels
andtheircomputed positions, whereas the input consists
of the sizes of the new parcels and for each parcel a couple
of alternative positions. Ir. W.H. de Vos has put forward a
paper on this subject at the meeting of commission-7
during the 1981 FIG-congress at Montreux.
The system has proved to show the following advan
tages:
more objective weighing of the claims of the individual
farmings;
more adequate involvementof rural land development
policy in the re-allocation process;
- shorter processing time;
- more accurate processing and more reliable output.
The system has also proved to be very useful for a study
of the re-allocation possibilities in the planning phase of a
rural land development project. So far the system has
been used in about 60 projects.
By ing. R. Kik (Instituut voor Cultuurtechniek en Water
huishouding; Wageningen) a re-allocation system has
been developed based on linear programming. This sys
tem has the advantage that it operates more quickly. Its
disadvantage is that it does not meet sufficiently the need
to consider the characteristic data of the individual agra
rian establishments. The system is useful at the early
start of the planning process.
Recently ir. Chr. Lemmen (University of Technology;
Delft) developed a new automated re-allocation system
that promises to be even more useful than the ATOR-
system because it is able to compute the optimum size of
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