There are intotal now more than 30 separate courses at 4
levels. These levels are the Master's Study (7% of the
total number of students), the Postgraduate courses
(60%), the Technologist's courses (17%) and education
at the Technician's level (16%).
Most courses require one year. The Technician's courses
are given in nine months, some of them in a shorter
period. The advanced courses leading to a Master's
degree require about two years.
All students need to have had an adequate pre-educa-
tion. For Technologists a university entrance level is
necessary. The Post-graduate students and the Master's
students must have completed a full university diploma
education.
Al I students are tested in the first weeks of thei r ITC study
period. This is necessary to evaluate their level of educa
tion and to be able to have them in right course level. ITC
offers courses of the „application" type. These are cour
ses for people with a certain knowledge and experience
in their professional field of work. As a consequence of
this the average age of the ITC students is higherthan that
of normal students. Normal students are 20 years of age.
The ITC students are 32 years old on the average.
Before the students come to ITC, 22% of them has a
university entrance level education, 48% has a Bache
lor's degree and 28% already has a higher degree, 2%
has a technical secondary training only.
Since most of the courses are given in English a good
knowledge of English is indispensable. Some courses
are given in French.
In the following part some more details of each section of
the ITC will be given.
Photogrammetry
Since photogrammetry is applied or will be applied in
many countries, many skilled people are needed to fill the
posts at the various levels in institutes for production of
topographic maps at all scales as well as for large scale
maps for engineering and cadastral purposes. Also the
ITC education in photogrammetry enables the photo-
grammetrists of the higher levelsto operate in education
and in the research area.
A large variety of instruments is available to train the
students in all parts of the photogrammetry. This combi
nation of lectures with excersises is one of the very strong
parts in the ITC education.
As the original name „International Training Centre"
said, already thetraining itself formsan important part of
the study. Of course based on a theoretical knowledge.
In the photogrammetry section special instruments for
education and exercises have been developed such as
the ITC stereo-trainer, a simple instrument for the train
ing in stereoplotting, the ITC stereoscan, an instrument
for training in stereoscopic photoreading and the ITC
stereotester used for the investigation of the student's
capacity in stereoscopic vision.
The photogrammetric section also contains a develop
ment workshop dealing with all work concerning equip
ment. Apart from maintenance and repair of existing
hardware the most important task of this workshop is to
give practical support to the development and technical
realization of new ideas and application of new develop
ments in technology. The workshop consists of a fine
mechanics and an electronics workshop.
Computer science
In many organizations, also in developing countries,
220
there is a growing need fortraining in digital data proces
sing as well as for training in programming and the
application of existing software.
A special cou rse for computer knowledge and other ones
for programming in the various computer languages are
now included in many of the main courses of the institute.
Apart from the desk calculators, a Vax11/780 computer is
available with many terminals. The students further
more can make use also of a PDP11 /10 computer with its
peripherials. The instruction on computers is given to
more than 150 students yearly.
The students following the Postgraduate and Master's
courses make intensive use of the computers in their
project studies.
Aerial photography and survey flight training
In this section an education and training is given in the
production of survey photography in the most efficient
way. The main parts of the course are:
a) the foundation of an efficient survey organization
b) the use of modern instrumentation
c) the training of personnel
The following remarks van be made on these subjects
a) For efficiency of organization it is desirable that all
personnel and instrumentation including crew, air-
craft-plus-instrument systems, flight unit and photo
graphic laboratories are operating as an integrated
unit preferably as a part of a survey organization.
b) The use of modern equipment like automation in
aircraft instrumentation and photographic follow-up
work now form an important part of the task of a
collaborator in aerial photography.
Also modern survey navigation systems are taught
and the set-up of photographic laboratories.
c) The training of personnel is one of the main problems
in survey organizations. The ITC courses have the
intention to enable their graduates to educate their in
the ITC collected knowledge to theirown countrymen.
It is obvious that trained professional personnel are a
need for the production of aerial photographs of high
quality even when the most modem equipment is
available. This section operates a Piper Navajo Chief
tain aircraft for practical exercises. Also an analogue
flight simulator is available as wel I as various cameras,
and black/white and colourfilm laboratory equipment.
Cartography
The cartography courses cover all principal aspects of
topographic and thematic cartography e.g. collection
and processing of documentation, cartographic design,
map reproduction and computer-assisted cartography.
The already mentioned four levels of education are fol
lowed: Master-Postgraduate-Technologist and Tech-
nican.
That the in 1972 started courses in this subject fulfil a
great need can be shown with the number of students
that followed the cartography courses:
1972 (11); 1975(32); 1978 (41); 1981 (35).
The number of students, in all courses in ITC, is depend
ing of, apart from the conditions already mentioned, the
number of fellowships that is made available by the
government.
In the cartography section also a very modern equipment
is available such as a Klimsch Praktika Ultra process
camera, a copy section with all facilities, a Kongsberg
1216 HA automatic plotting machine, an Intergraph Inter-
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