cooperation. The necessity for an integrated scheme of
work to be developed is needed by the present complex
problems in the progress of the development of large
populations.
Very often a quick realization of the development is the
first priority because the development has been post
poned for too long a time. A good timing and planning of
all parts of a project is of utmost importance. The activi
ties of the many professional fields have to be guided and
coordinated to obtain a maximum result.
Courses in intergrated surveys are given for planners,
decision makers and are designed to develop in the
participants such understanding of cooperation and co
ordination of the many techniques available nowadays
to enable realistic solution for the complex problems.
Rural Survey
The rural (non-urban) areas play an important part in
many developing countries. People often depend on
agriculture. An increased production of food creates an
increase in the standard of living.
In ITC now an interdepartmental course in „Rural Sur
vey" has been set-up with a combined teaching pro
gramme. The course turns to methods for the gathering
of basic data on land use, agriculture, natural and semi-
natural vegetation and the social geography which are
necessary for a balanced management of rural develop
ment. Here also aerial photos and remote sensing meth
ods are applied for the inventory of changes in land use,
growth, natural vegetation and the infrastructure of rural
areas.
Important information on these subjectscan be gathered
from other sources as well and in the field some comple
tion is necessary. The course is open to people that have a
BScoran equivalent education in one of the fields of the
related studies.
Vegetation Mapping
Vegetation Mapping is worthful especially in those areas
Fig. 2. Consulting projects.
where the green blanket is very thin. The cattle are
appointed to the vegetation food and a lot of people again
are depending on this. In developing countries the study
of the vegetation is of utmost importance and the govern
ments give it a high priority.
Since the growth of plants on the Earth's surface always
is to be seen on aerial photos this source of information is
an indispensable one. Differences in species combina
tions, coverage height etc. are to be distinguished as
patterns of various shades of colour and the boundaries
of types of vegetation can be interpreted. This interpreta
tion combined with field information leads to vegetation
mapping. This is used for decision making connected
with the use and for controlling of the vegetation itself.
Protection of the nature and for landscape purposes is
also a field directly related to vegetation mapping and of
great importance to the industrialized world as well.
Consulting
As already mentioned in the beginning, ITC gives advice
on fields of interest related to the study branches of the
institute. With every consulting project the evaluation is
done with sharp in mind that the ITC help is not in
competition with commercial advisory work. The con
sulting is only done if a country asks for it.
Spread over the whole world consulting has been done
or is still in operation on more than 200 projects. Consult
ing can be given on:
- the foundation of education projects
- the development and design of systems of production
processes
- the set-up of survey organizations and the planning of
the facilities
- the design of specifications for projects
- the execution of pilot-projects
-the cooperation in supervision and coordination of
mapping projects.
In figure 2 is shown where ITC cooperated on consulting
projects between 1958 and 1981.
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