All that concerns the terms relating to geodetic and photogrammetric measure-
ments, aerial photography and Interpretation of aerial photographs, field topo-
graphic works as well as to a wide field of usage of maps of different types in many
branches of science must be a subject for independent studying. Delimitation of
'spheres of influence' and establishment of interconnections of the adjacent sciences
will enable us to concern with our problem more efficiently. This is especially
important at the present time when cartography is being rapidly developed.
The modern stage of development of cartography is characterized by
- considerable expansion of a sphere of general geographical (topographical) and,
especially, thematical mapping;
- rapid development of technics and technology of cartographic production.
Both these circumstances lead to an appearance of a great number of new terms to
discover which and give correct definitions thereto is our first priority task.
Expansion of the sphere of mapping means the introduction of newer and newer
types of maps. The maps are becoming more complicated both in respect to
the mathematical base and in respect to the contents. Organization and techno
logy of cartographic production is being continuously perfected. Instead of one
manuscript original or map manuscript of the past, modern technology requires
making of scores of Originals, copies, plates, reprints etc. of different kinds.
At the present time we lack terms to designate exactly all these half-finished pro-
ducts of cartographic production.
In connection with the application of new methods of making and Publishing of
maps, newer and newer tools, instruments and material appear which have
hundreds of various names. Automation of cartographic processes leads to
creation of new notions for expression of which suitable terms have not yet found.
For example: 'Compilation of algorithm of selection and generalisation the map',
'map information capacity', 'mathematical description of cartographic present-
ation'. The term 'Numerical map' widely used recently should not be considered to
be successful. One of the obligatory features of any map is clearness of present-
ation. This feature of the map is completely excluded when cartographic present-
ation is coded and recorded on magnetic tape. In this case instead of a map we
receive a completely new non-cartographic form of accumulation and reproduction
of geographical information.
Standardization, Classification and definition of cartographic terms in present day
conditions of cartographic development is a complicated scientific problem. As
any complicated problem it should be solved by parts and each of them should
cover a certain section of cartography. In the USSR we have established five
basic sections and Systems of cartographic terms
I. General notions in cartography.
II. Main types of cartographic productions.
III. Properties of a map and its chief elements.
IV. Mathematical elements of a map.
V. Cartographic technology.
Due to the fact that section V is of considerable scope it is divided into the
following subsections:
a. documents which regulate cartographic works (instructions, manuals, edi-
torial advice etc;
b. progresses of making maps;
Cartographical terms
427
K.N.A.G. Geografisch Tijdschrift I 1967Nr. 5
