summaries
B.J. Beers, C.A. van den Boogert P. Mills - The carto-
graphic face of a database
The 'Dutch guide of distances' is a publication of Tele Atlas.
It contains the distances between more than 6100 locations
and nodes in the Netherlands. A special kind of presentation
is used with so called 'distance regions' covering areas
around 414 specially selected main nodes. The description of
each region displays amongst others distances between loca
tions and the main node, and the Position of locations with
respect to the main node.
The third edition of this guide contains 414 region maps that
have been produced using automated procedures.
A series of realistic tests using the Intergraph System at Tele
Atlas and the Scitex Response 280 System at Reprocart con-
cluded in a production flow for printable films. With mini
mal human Intervention 414 maps were generated and trans
ferred from Intergraph to Scitex using the Standard
Interchange Format. Finally the printable films were
produced.
The experiences gathered in this project are the basis for the
production of cartographically speaking much more interest-
ing maps: the European Route Maps of the anwb. This free
annual edition of the anwb will for the first time be
produced in Cooperation with Tele Atlas in 1989.
G. Andreas, P. Benjaminse P. Mijksenaar - Mapping pub
lic transport
As nowadays people are becoming more and more convinced
that a larger part of our mobility demand should be met by
public transport, to do so will not only mean demands on
that public transport but also on its presentation. Provision
of good information can contribute to an optimal use of
public transport. Hence the importance of public transport
maps will increase quantitatively and qualitatively. As these
maps will not only have an informative but also a promotion
task the (new) public should be approached via various me
dia. So in the Coming years the emphasis will be on an at-
tractive and readable map images for a large public. A great-
er diversity of maps will be needed, where apart from
presenting the transport network itself also factors like
travelling time and frequency of transport should be added.
Over the years the authors have collected public transport
maps from various parts of the world and these maps give a
good insight into the development of the networks them-
selves as well as the development of the cartographic
representation. This development also shows differentiation
in themes. As well as network maps, maps with traffic zones,
pocketmaps, maps for night busses and maps of environs of
railway stations are produced. In the use of symbols and de-
sign quite a diversity is found, in which 'schools' can be in-
dicated with a predominant national character. On the other
hand correspondences through mutual influence can be iden-
tified.
Both cartographers and graphic designers try each from their
own point of view to achieve a good representation of the
theme. Surprising results may be follow if the cartographer
adapts more to aesthetics and the graphic designer to the car
tographic rules.
The Netherlands Railways is not only a public transport
Company but also a map publisher with a large responsibility
for passengers, personnel, government and commerce and
economy. This means that a great differentiation in maps for
the various users is expected.
W.A. Verhave - Integrated mapping of environmental in-
fluences in Maastricht
This article contains a description of the cartographic aspects
of the so-called PIM-project: a project aiming at the integra-
tion of environmental policies in the city of Maastricht to
make possible motivated choices between land uses such as
industry, traffic and residential. In the project, the environ
mental influences of sound, externa! safety and air quality
had to be represented in a mutually comparable way, so as to
show the limitations to spatial development imposed by the
environment. The mapping procedures started with the rather
complicated calculation of the integrated environmental pol-
lution (related to legal norms for residential areas) per grid
cell of 50 x 50 metres. By interpolation, isoline maps at
scale 1:25,000 of the whole city of Maastricht were created, in
which only four classes were distinguished, ranging from
residential areas with no limitations to unacceptable residen
tial environments. By their simplicity, these maps may very
well be used for physical planning purposes and are very
much appreciated by the local authorities.
H.M. Bosma, J.E. Drummond L. Raidt - Scanners for car-
tography
This article outlines the work of the oeepe Commission D
Working Group in Automatic Digitizing, and describes in de
tail Phase 1 of that Working Group's research Programme.
Phase 1 involved a survey, via three questionnaires, of the
State of automatic digitizing in Europe. The results of this
survey indicated the Problems to be addressed in Phases 2
and 3 of the research Programme. Phase 1 also involved a
study of low-cost Scanners. In that study it was determined
that low-cost Scanners were limited either by their format or
resolution, but they still had a useful role in automatic carto
graphic digitizing.
KT 1989.XV. 4
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