summaries A.J. Kerr - The International Hydrographie Organisation; new trends in its programs Keywords: map produetion; hydrographic cartography; survey Founded as International Hydrographic Bureau in 1921, the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) in Monaco is an intergovernmental Organisation aiming at coordination ofthe activities of national hydrographic Services, at standardizing charts and improving hydrographic surveys. In order to further these objects, it has a programme on the pro duetion of the General Bathymetric Chart ofthe Oceans (GEBCO), which is now also made available digitally on CD- ROM, and of affiliated regional Bathymetric charts, and a Pro gramme on standardizing charts. In this respect it coordinates publication of thejoint INTemational Chart Series. As charts are also available in digital form, it also stimulates the standardisa- tion of guidelines for the Electronic Chart Display and Informa tion System (ECDIS), and for the databases andformats that are neededfor it. Every IHO member State will in future make availa ble hydrographic data according to the S-57 Standard. A third project is the diffusion of radionavigational wamings for mari ners. Finally it distributes news to member states on new technological developments, such as GPS, acoustic multi-beam Systems and air- bome laser soundingg Systems which improve the survey ofthe seabed. Finally, ait Sponsors or monitors hydrographic courses, through its Standards of competence for hydrographic surveyors. on the protection against flooding. This is done by building dikes and surge barriers and also by re-enforcement of natural beaches and dunes. In the sixties and seventies this task was extended to the protection of water quality and the natural coastal environ- ment. Finally this resulted in the concept of integral water management: the multifunctional and sustained use ofthe water, in close relation with the foreshore and the species living in it. Tofacilitate coastal zone management the Rijkswaterstaat produ- ces manv maps and atlases. Examples given are: the coastal map (667 sheets on scale 1:2000), coastline maps, Vegetation maps, geomorphological map ofthe North Sea, Wadden Atlas, North Sea Atlas and many small maps for official publications on water management. Düring the last fifteen years automation has been introduced, which firstly led to a faster produetion process and also to improved use of colours. The traditional maps and atlases were partly intended for use by specialists within the Rijkswater staat organizations for actual control, partly for managers and policy-makers and partly for the general public. In 1988 thefirst GIS was introduced and it took quite some time to integrate this with mapmaking and remote sensing. The introduc- tion of GIS for management purposes is often done through pilot- projects, like WADGIS, KUSTGIS and SHOMAN. The latter being also a first step into multimedia. It is expected that GIS, in combination with remote sensing, will be of increasing importance for coastal zone management. To handle the growing need for geo-referenced data, emphasis will be laid on meta-information management. K.W. Witteveen - Characteristics of nautical cartography Keywords: map produetion; hydrographic cartography; back- ground The article Starts with an overview ofthe tasks performed by the Hydrographic Service ofthe Royal Navy, and then continues by focussing on the nautical charts produced by this Organisation. The history ofthe charts and the steps in their produetion are dealt with. Finally, attention is paid to typical aspects of nautical cartography, such as the fact that the topography represented in nautical charts is continuously changing and not visible, and the responsibility ofthe cartographers for the Information presented. M.A. Damoiseaux Tj. van Heuvel - From maps and atlases to GIS and multimedia for coastal zone management A.J. Laiesse - Automation at the Hydrographic Service of the Royal Navy Keywords: map produetion; hydrographic cartography; applica- tions Automation at the Hydrographic Service started more than two decades ago. At that time, it mainly involved the collection and processing of hydrographic data, and not the automated produe tion of nautical charts. Nowadays developments are going towards fully automated produetion of charts and other publica tions necessary for safe navigation. The Service further contribu- tes to the international development of an electronic navigation System and is working on an Information System from which other digital produets can be derived. These developments have their implications: a planned reorganisation should prepare the Service for the tasks ahead. Keywords: GIS/LIS; official cartography; background The management ofthe coast and the adjoining sea is a main con- cem ofthe Rijkswaterstaat (Directorate-Generalfor Public Works and Water Management). From early times the emphasis was laid 56 KT 1994.XX4

Digitale Tijdschriftenarchief Stichting De Hollandse Cirkel en Geo Informatie Nederland

Kartografisch Tijdschrift | 1994 | | pagina 58