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Summary
M.-J. Kraak - Exploratory Cartography: maps as tools for dis-
covery
Keywords: exploratory cartography, visualisation, multi-
media
The cartographic visualization process is considered to be the
translation or conversion ofspatial data from a database into
graphics. The producer of these predominantly map-like pro-
duets may be a professional cartographers, but may also be geo-
scientists mapping their data.
Cartography is changing: changing from being supply-driven
to demand-driven. More people will be involved in making
maps. More maps will be created, many of them only for a
single use. These maps are changing from being final produets
presenting spatial information to interim produets that facili-
tate our visual thinking. Maps will be the primary tools in an
interactive, real-time and dynamic environment, used to ex-
plore spatial databases that are hyperlinked together via the
www.
1998-XXIV-3
[url i]ica Commission on Visualization
http://www.geog.psu. edu/ica/ICAvis. html
[url 2]Oddens Bookmarks
http://kartoserver.geog. uu. nllhtmllstaffioddensloddens. htm
[url 3]Alexandra Digital Library
http:l/alexandria. sdc. uesb. edu/
[url 4]Plewe's gis Online
http://kayenta.geog. byu. edu/gisonline/
[url 5]esri's ArcExplorer
http://www. esri. com/base/products/arcexplorer/arcexplorer. html
[url 6] itc's Cartography Page
http://www. itc. nl/ - carto/
[url 7] National Clearinghouse Geoinformation
http://www.geoplaza.nl/ravi/owa/splash
[url 8]European National Mapping Organisations
http://www. ign.fr/cerco/cerco. html
[url 9] Finnish National Mapping Organisation
http:/'/www. nls.fi/index_e.html
The environment described, where a person is trying to solve a
particular geo-problem and is exploring various spatial data
bases requires a different cartography: exploratory cartography.
Exploratory cartography will offer an environment where geo-
scientists can work to solve theirproblems and make new disco-
veries. A challenge for cartographers is to create or improve
mapping tools that allow exploration. They will put the map
in its natural role as access medium to the National Spatial
Data Infrastructure. It should remain the task of the spatial
data handling world to test the maps (produets) on their efifec-
tiveness.
Resume
M.-J. Kraak - Cartographie d'exploration: les cartes comme
outils pour les decouvertes
Mots-cles: cartographie d'exploration, visualisation, multi-
media
La cartographie est en plein changement: auparavant c'etait le
cartographe qui a 'traduit' les donnees spatiales en cartes, au-
jourd'hui beaueoup d'autres s'y emploient. Le nombre de cartes
produites est en augmentation dont certaines pour l'usage per-
sonnel de l'auteur seulement. Ainsi, la carte devient, d'un
produit fini', un produit intermediaire, pour la visualisation
de la pensee. Voici donc la carte comme un outil, dans un en-
vironnement dynamique interactif, en vue d'explorer toutes
sortes de bases de donnees, par ailleurs en interrelation via le
www.
Un tel environnement exige une autre cartographie que l'au
teur appelle d'exploration, car eile conduit vers les decouvertes
et aussi aide resoudre des problemes: c'est le defi que les carto-
graphes doivent relever en asneliorant et perfectionnant ces ou
tils dont le role naturel est de servir d'acces des bases de don
nees, via le www. Dans ce contexte, le cartographe doit veiller
ce que ces nouveaux outils restes efficaces.
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