they are responsible for 60% of the models that are marketed.
Japan and England rank second, each for about 14%. I refer to
[42] for details. It should be noted that the numbers mentioned
there do not include East European countries, since information
from these countries is lacking.
Whilst the above remarks refer to electronic computing in
general, survey calculation is itself progressing. Numerous publi
cations testify to this development, of which I wish to mention
a few. One gets an impression from [43] about the state of affairs at
the beginning of 1965. In France, the central Calculating and
Drawing Office of Géomètres-Experts had become a success.
Orders, mainly connected with road design are rapidly increasing.
A drawing machine, a Calcomp 506 for profile drawing, replaces
twenty-five draughtsmen. From the profile drawings the camera
of a Calcomp 835 composes a perspective "film" of the road in
projection, which enables a comparison between alternate solutions
to be made. See among others [44]. On the basis of experiences
B. G. Müller gives his reflections in [45] on possible uses for cal
culating and drawing machines. One finds a similar study by B.
Schraden in [46], in which he pays a good deal of attention to the
development of Zuse computers and further to programming
languages. A description of AIB and the Nordisk system for geodesy
is given by G. Simonsson in [47]. In [48] a contribution from Russia
is to be found in which are listed the conditions with which compu
ters that are to be used for survey calculations in the field should
comply.
In the period the report refers to, various studies have been made
of programming techniques and certain computers. For those
interested, I have made a selection. In [49] the writer deals with
basic principles and regulations for the programming of computers
for digital operation. C. W. B. King demonstrates in [50] how a
small computer can be programmed for survey calculations and for
problems of adjustment. The procedures described have already
been successfully used for the IBM 1620 computer.
In addition to "calculations in land redistribution" by the Zuse
Z 11, H. Seifers discusses in [51] the possibilities for this kind of
calculation when using the Z 25. Programs for effecting simple
survey calculations with the aid of the UMC-i electronic computer
are dealt with in [52]. W. Helpap gives in [53] a review and a further
explanation on calculating programs for survey calculations with
the aid of the Cellatron SER-2b.
That activity in the electronic computation of survey problems
is widespread is shown by the related publications originating from
a variety of countries.
A small selection is given here
Czechoslovakia [54], Argentina [55], Japan [56], Sweden [57],
Canada [58], Germany [59], Chile [60].
There is hardly any part of survey activity which has not been
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